1. Establishment Year
* Present Name (Uttar Pradesh): January 24, 1950, when the former United Provinces was renamed.
* Formation of United Provinces: The region was earlier known as the United Provinces of British India, or simply the United Provinces, which was established in 1937.
2. Borders
Uttar Pradesh shares its borders with eight states and one country:
| Direction | Bordering State/Country |
|---|---|
| North | Uttarakhand and Nepal (International Border) |
| East | Bihar |
| Southeast | Jharkhand and Chhattisgarh |
| South | Madhya Pradesh |
| West | Rajasthan, Haryana, Delhi (National Capital Territory) |
3. Population (as per 2011 Census and Estimates)
* 2011 Census: Approximately 199,812,341 (making it the most populous state in India).
* Current Estimates (2024): Population is estimated to be around 244 million (24.40 Crores).
4. Languages Spoken
Uttar Pradesh is a multilingual state with two official languages:
* Official Languages: Hindi (Primary) and Urdu (Secondary Official Language since 1989).
* Major Languages/Dialects (as per 2011 Census data):
* Hindi (including regional variations like Khari Boli, Braj Bhasha, Awadhi, Bundeli, etc.)
* Bhojpuri (a major language spoken in the eastern parts of the state)
* Urdu
* Awadhi
* Bundeli
5. Religion (Present Day - as per 2011 Census)
| Religion | Percentage of Total Population |
|---|---|
| Hinduism | 79.73\% |
| Islam | 19.26\% |
| Sikhism | 0.32\% |
| Christianity | 0.18\% |
| Jainism | 0.11\% |
| Buddhism | 0.10\% |
6. Chief Ministers List with Tenure Dates
The list below includes Chief Ministers since the state's renaming in 1950, along with their joining and leaving dates. (Note: The list is selective for brevity and focuses on the periods between President's Rule. For a complete list of all C.M.s, a comprehensive political history is required.)
| Chief Minister | Joined Date | Left Date | Political Party |
|---|---|---|---|
| Govind Ballabh Pant (First C.M. of UP) | January 26, 1950 | December 27, 1954 | INC |
| Sucheta Kriplani (First Woman C.M.) | October 2, 1963 | March 13, 1967 | INC |
| Charan Singh | April 3, 1967 | February 25, 1968 | Bharatiya Kranti Dal |
| Hemwati Nandan Bahuguna | November 9, 1973 | November 29, 1975 | INC |
| Mayawati | June 3, 1995 | October 18, 1995 | BSP |
| Mulayam Singh Yadav | December 4, 1993 | June 3, 1995 | Samajwadi Party |
| Kalyan Singh | September 21, 1997 | November 12, 1999 | BJP |
| Akhilesh Yadav | March 15, 2012 | March 19, 2017 | Samajwadi Party |
| Yogi Adityanath (Current C.M.) | March 19, 2017 | Present | BJP |
| INC: Indian National Congress, BSP: Bahujan Samaj Party, BJP: Bharatiya Janata Party | | | |
7. President's Rule Imposed
* Number of Times: President's Rule has been imposed in Uttar Pradesh 10 times since 1950.
* Key Instances: 1968, 1970, 1973, 1975, 1977, 1980, 1992, 1995, 1997, and 2002.
8. Famous Places and Products (Worldwide or in India)
Uttar Pradesh is renowned for its religious, historical, and industrial significance.
Famous Places (Worldwide/India):
* Agra: Home to the Taj Mahal (a UNESCO World Heritage Site and one of the New Seven Wonders of the World), Agra Fort, and Fatehpur Sikri.
* Varanasi (Kashi): One of the oldest continually inhabited cities in the world and the spiritual capital of India, famous for the Kashi Vishwanath Temple and the Ghats along the River Ganga.
* Ayodhya: The birthplace of Lord Rama, a major pilgrimage site, known for the Ram Janmabhoomi Temple.
* Mathura and Vrindavan: Birthplace and childhood home of Lord Krishna, featuring numerous significant temples (e.g., Banke Bihari Temple, Prem Mandir).
* Lucknow: The state capital, famous for its Nawabi culture, historic architecture (Bara Imambara, Rumi Darwaza), and fine cuisine.
* Prayagraj (Allahabad): Famous for the Triveni Sangam, the confluence of the Ganga, Yamuna, and mythical Saraswati rivers, and the site of the Maha Kumbh Mela.
* Sarnath: Near Varanasi, where Gautama Buddha first taught the Dharma.
Famous Products (Worldwide/India):
| City/Region | Product/Industry | Recognition |
|---|---|---|
| Agra & Kanpur | Leather Goods (Shoes, Saddles, Accessories) | Major export hubs, Kanpur is often called the "Leather City of the World." |
| Varanasi | Banarasi Silk Sarees, Carpets | World-famous for intricate silk weaving and craftsmanship. |
| Moradabad | Brass and Metal Handicrafts | Known as "Brass City," a significant export center for metalware. |
| Bhadohi | Hand-knotted Carpets/Rugs | Known internationally for its traditional carpet industry. |
| Firozabad | Glassware and Bangles | India's hub for glass-blowing and glass bangles. |
| Lucknow | Chikankari Embroidery, Tunday Kababi | Famous for delicate hand embroidery and unique Awadhi cuisine. |
| Meerut | Sports Goods | A key manufacturing center for sports equipment in India. |
| Uttar Pradesh (General) | Mangoes (Dasheri, Langra varieties), Basmati Rice | Important agricultural exports. |
