Haryana is a northern state of India, known for its history and industrial development.
Establishment and Geography
| Aspect | Details |
|---|---|
| Establishment | November 1, 1966, carved out of the former state of Punjab. |
| Capital | Chandigarh (shared with Punjab, administered as a Union Territory). |
| Borders | North: Punjab and Himachal Pradesh. West and South: Rajasthan. East: Uttar Pradesh and Uttarakhand (border defined by the Yamuna River). It also surrounds the National Capital Territory of Delhi on three sides. |
| Area (2011) | 44,212 sq km. |
Population, Language, and Religion
| Aspect | Details |
|---|---|
| Population | 25,351,462 (as per Census 2011). Estimated population for 2024 is around 3.13 Crores. |
| Official Language | Hindi. |
| Spoken Languages | Hindi (the primary language) and various dialects like Haryanvi (a form of Western Hindi), Punjabi, and others. |
| Religion (as per Census 2011) | Hinduism is the majority religion, followed by Islam and Sikhism. |
| | Hindu: 87.46% |
| | Muslim: 7.03% |
| | Sikh: 4.91% |
President's Rule in Haryana
President's Rule has been imposed in Haryana three times under Article 356 of the Indian Constitution, signifying the temporary suspension of the state government:
* First Instance: November 20, 1967, to May 21, 1968.
* Second Instance: April 30, 1977, to June 21, 1977.
* Third Instance: April 6, 1991, to July 23, 1991.
List of Chief Ministers (Selected Major Terms)
The table below lists the Chief Ministers of Haryana, focusing on their major or initial terms. There have been several short terms and repeat tenures, particularly in the 1990s.
| Chief Minister | Term Began | Term Ended | Party |
|---|---|---|---|
| Bhagwat Dayal Sharma | Nov 1, 1966 | Mar 23, 1967 | Indian National Congress (INC) |
| Rao Birender Singh | Mar 24, 1967 | Nov 20, 1967 | Vishal Haryana Party (VHP) |
| Bansi Lal | May 21, 1968 | Nov 30, 1975 | INC |
| Devi Lal | Jun 21, 1977 | Jun 28, 1979 | Janata Party |
| Bhajan Lal | Jun 28, 1979 | Jun 4, 1986 | INC (Janata Party initially) |
| Devi Lal | Jun 20, 1987 | Dec 2, 1989 | Janata Dal |
| Om Prakash Chautala | Dec 2, 1989 | May 22, 1990 | Janata Dal |
| Bansi Lal | May 11, 1996 | Jul 24, 1999 | Haryana Vikas Party (HVP) |
| Om Prakash Chautala | Jul 24, 1999 | Mar 5, 2005 | Indian National Lok Dal (INLD) |
| Bhupinder Singh Hooda | Mar 5, 2005 | Oct 26, 2014 | INC |
| Manohar Lal Khattar | Oct 26, 2014 | Mar 12, 2024 | Bharatiya Janata Party (BJP) |
| Nayab Singh Saini (Current CM) | Mar 12, 2024 | Incumbent | BJP |
Famous Places and Products
Haryana has a significant presence both historically and economically.
Famous Places
* Kurukshetra: Known as "Dharmakshetra" (Field of Righteousness), it is the site of the epic Mahabharata battle. Key spots include the Brahma Sarovar and Jyotisar (believed site where Krishna delivered the Bhagavad Gita).
* Panipat: Called the "City of Weavers," it is historically famous for the Three Battles of Panipat (1526, 1556, and 1761), which were pivotal in Indian history.
* Gurugram (Gurgaon): A major global hub for Information Technology (IT) and the automobile industry, part of the National Capital Region (NCR). It is known for corporate headquarters and places like Cyber Hub and the Kingdom of Dreams.
* Faridabad: A major industrial city, also part of the NCR.
* Morni Hills, Panchkula: The only hill station in Haryana, offering scenic views and a nature escape.
Famous Products
* Basmati Rice (Karnal): Haryana, particularly the Karnal region, is one of the top producers and exporters of high-quality Basmati Rice in the world.
* Automobiles & Auto Components (Gurugram/Manesar): The state is a massive industrial hub for the production of cars (e.g., Maruti Suzuki), two-wheelers, and numerous auto components, making it a key part of India's manufacturing sector.
* Handloom & Textiles (Panipat): Panipat is a major center for handloom goods, including blankets, carpets, and home furnishings, often referred to as the "Textile City."
* Phulkari Embroidery (Ambala): While primarily associated with Punjab, the intricate and vibrant folk embroidery art of Phulkari is also prominently practiced in parts of Haryana, like Ambala.
* Dairy Products & Agriculture: As a largely agrarian state, it is well-known for its dairy products and high-yield agriculture.
